{"code":"27179","sect":"Central America","sect_slug":"central-america","hits":"1002","link":"https:\/\/elfaro.net\/en\/202312\/centroamerica\/27179","link_edit":"","name":"Without Authority or Proof, Guatemalan AG Asserts Ar\u00e9valo\u2019s Election is \u201cNull\u201d","slug":"without-authority-or-proof-guatemalan-ag-asserts-arevalo-rsquo-s-election-is-ldquo-null-rdquo-","info":"One month before the transfer of power, prosecutors claim to have evidence of fraud \u2014they have yet to show any\u2014 and say the election of Bernardo Ar\u00e9valo should be declared void. In response, the U.S. sanctioned over 300 people on Monday, including over 100 members of Congress. But fears have been mounting that a coup could succeed if the Electoral Tribunal or Constitutional Court fall in line with the plot in the coming days.","mtag":"Politics","noun":{"html":"Roman Gressier and Jos\u00e9 Luis Sanz","data":{"roman-gressier-and-jose-luis-sanz":{"sort":"","slug":"roman-gressier-and-jose-luis-sanz","path":"roman_gressier_and_jose_luis_sanz","name":"Roman Gressier and Jos\u00e9 Luis Sanz"}}},"view":"1002","pict":{"cms-image-000039127-jpg":{"feat":"1","sort":"39127","name":"cms-image-000039127.jpg","link":"https:\/\/elfaro.net\/images\/cms-image-000039127.jpg","path":"https:\/\/elfaro.net\/images\/cms-image-000039127.jpg","back":"","slug":"cms-image-000039127-jpg","text":"<p>President Alejandro Giammattei and Attorney General Mar\u00eda Consuelo Porras attend the presentation of the annual report of the Public Prosecutor's Office in Guatemala City on May 17, 2023. Photo Johan Ord\u00f3\u00f1ez\/AFP<\/p>","capt":"\u003Cp\u003EPresident Alejandro Giammattei and Attorney General Mar\u00eda Consuelo Porras attend the presentation of the annual report of the Public Prosecutor's Office in Guatemala City on May 17, 2023. Photo Johan Ord\u00f3\u00f1ez\/AFP\u003C\/p\u003E"},"cms-image-000039869-jpg":{"feat":"0","sort":"39869","name":"cms-image-000039869.jpg","link":"https:\/\/elfaro.net\/images\/cms-image-000039869.jpg","path":"https:\/\/elfaro.net\/images\/cms-image-000039869.jpg","back":"","slug":"cms-image-000039869-jpg","text":"<p>Guatemalan President-elect Bernardo Ar\u00e9valo (center) waves to supporters while taking part in the \"March for Democracy\" to demand the resignation of Attorney General Consuelo Porras and prosecutor Rafael Curruchiche on December 7, 2023. Photo Carlos ALONZO\/AFP<\/p>","capt":"\u003Cp\u003EGuatemalan President-elect Bernardo Ar\u00e9valo (center) waves to supporters while taking part in the \"March for Democracy\" to demand the resignation of Attorney General Consuelo Porras and prosecutor Rafael Curruchiche on December 7, 2023. Photo Carlos ALONZO\/AFP\u003C\/p\u003E"}},"pict_main__sort":39127,"date":{"live":"2023\/12\/11"},"data_post_dateLive_YY":"2023","data_post_dateLive_MM":"12","data_post_dateLive_DD":"11","text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #888888;\"\u003EEl Faro is an investigative newsroom that shines a light on corruption in\u00a0\u003Cem\u003ECentral America\u003C\/em\u003E.\u00a0\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\"\/suscribe\/en\/\"\u003ESubscribe to our newsletter\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #888888;\"\u003E.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/em\u003ENo matter that Guatemalan President-Elect Bernardo Ar\u00e9valo marched with thousands again through the streets of the capital on Thursday, or that the OAS has repeated that attempts to overturn the election outcome are \u201cinappropriate, improper and unjustified.\u201d No matter that Indigenous demonstrators blocked roads across the country in October and have slept and \u003Ca href=\"\/en\/202310\/centroamerica\/27093\/dialogue-with-indigenous-peoples-must-be-part-of-the-democratic-springtime-in-guatemala\"\u003Erallied for two months\u003C\/a\u003E outside the Public Prosecutor\u2019s Office.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003EThis Friday, Guatemalan AG Consuelo Porras launched her most aggressive attack against the recent presidential race, \u003Cstrong\u003Ealleging evidence of fraud and concluding that the election results should be declared \u201cnull and void\u201d\u003C\/strong\u003E. She also asked Congress \u2014for the \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/elfaroenglish\/status\/1725224642128806397\"\u003Esecond time in three weeks\u003C\/a\u003E\u2014 to strip immunity from Ar\u00e9valo, who she accused of money laundering and of deliberate fraud in the creation of his party, Semilla, in 2017.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003EBy law, only the Supreme Electoral Tribunal (TSE) can certify or nullify elections, and any appeal leads to the Constitutional Court. Crucially, TSE President Blanca Alfaro reiterated on Friday that the results \u201chave been made official and are unalterable.\u201d But fears that attempts to prevent Ar\u00e9valo from being sworn in on January 14 can succeed are increasing.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003EThe chambers of business association CACIF, who many Ar\u00e9valo allies consider to be in line with or at least tolerant of the coup, \u003Cstrong\u003Eunanimously responded on Friday that Ar\u00e9valo and Karin Herrera should take office\u003C\/strong\u003E, and that \u201cany action aimed at contravening the official election results should have no place in our democracy.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003EThe fact that CACIF explicitly named Ar\u00e9valo and Herrera appears to be particularly politically relevant, after months of meticulously omitting them from their statements.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E \u003Cfigure class=\"pict pict_land pict_move_posc 0 cs_img cs_img--curr rule--ss_c\" data-shot=\"pict\" data-hint=\"pict\"\u003E \u003Cdiv class=\"pict__pobj text-overflow\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=https:\/\/elfaro.net\/get_img?ImageWidth=4000&ImageHeight=2667&ImageId=39869 class=\"pobj\" style=\"max-width: 100%\" rel=\"resizable\" alt=\"Guatemalan President-elect Bernardo Ar\u00e9valo (center) waves to supporters while taking part in the \"March for Democracy\" to demand the resignation of Attorney General Consuelo Porras and prosecutor Rafael Curruchiche on December 7, 2023. Photo Carlos ALONZO\/AFP\" \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E \u003Cfigcaption class=\"pict__text cs_img_caption folk_content typo_buttons line--ss_s0c line--ss_s0c--auto block full-width text-overflow rule--ss_l relative\"\u003E \u003Cdiv class=\"__content block-inline full-width align-top tint-text--idle relative\"\u003E Guatemalan President-elect Bernardo Ar\u00e9valo (center) waves to supporters while taking part in the \"March for Democracy\" to demand the resignation of Attorney General Consuelo Porras and prosecutor Rafael Curruchiche on December 7, 2023. Photo Carlos ALONZO\/AFP \u003Cdiv class=\"photographer text_italic rule--ss_l tint-text--idle\"\u003E \u003C\/div\u003E \u003C\/div\u003E \u003C\/figcaption\u003E \u003C\/figure\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003EInternational condemnations, too, were immediate. The E.U. High Representative for Foreign Affairs, Josep Borrell, called it \u003Cstrong\u003E\u201can attempted coup d\u2019etat that will impact EU-Guatemala relations\u201d\u003C\/strong\u003E and the Ambassador to Guatemala announced on Sunday upcoming \u201ctargeted restrictive measures\u201d against those involved in the coup. Spanish President Pedro S\u00e1nchez, whose embassy is one of the closest to Giammattei, called Ar\u00e9valo on Sunday to personally voice his support.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003ECosta Rica, Panama, Ecuador, and the Dominican Republic jointly condemned Porras\u2019 maneuver. El Salvador, Honduras, \u003Ca href=\"\/en\/202206\/centroamerica\/26247\/Ortega-Finds-Complicity-in-Central-American-Presidents.htm\"\u003Eand of course Nicaragua\u003C\/a\u003E remained silent.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003EOAS Secretary General Luis Almagro also denounced an \u201cattempted coup d\u2019\u00e9tat\u201d and the \u201cconsolidation of a political fraud\u201d. Porras raided the TSE in September, illegally confiscated ballots in October, and accused four electoral magistrates of crimes in November. A week ago, Congress stripped their immunity, and they left the country.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003EA \u003Cstrong\u003Ebicameral delegation of U.S. Democrats were visiting the country at the time\u003C\/strong\u003E to discuss threats to Guatemalan democracy. \u201cWhen you attack the candidate who won the elections, you are attacking the Guatemalan people,\u201d said Virginia Senator Tim Kaine, Chair of the Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere Affairs. According to a U.S. official, President Alejandro Giammattei declined to meet with the delegation.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003EThe international community has spent months trying to avert a coup. But it remains to be seen if the effort will suffice. At noon on Monday, the United States announced \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.state.gov\/additional-steps-taken-to-impose-visa-restrictions-in-response-to-anti-democratic-actions-in-guatemala\/\"\u003Evisa restrictions\u003C\/a\u003E on \u201cnearly 300 Guatemalan nationals, including over 100 members of the Guatemalan congress\u201d \u2014there are 160 seats in total\u2014 \u201cas well as private sector representatives and their family members for undermining democracy and the rule of law.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003EThe Treasury gave a warning shot on December 1, placing \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/jy1941\"\u003EMagnitsky sanctions\u003C\/a\u003E on Miguel Mart\u00ednez, Giammattei\u2019s closest political operator. In July the State Department took the earliest sanctions action, pulling the visas of the \u003Ca href=\"\/en\/202307\/centroamerica\/26957\/US-Sanctions-Judge-and-Prosecutor-Involved-in-Attempted-Electoral-Coup-in-Guatemala.htm\"\u003Ejudge and prosecutors\u003C\/a\u003E at the heart of Porras\u2019 efforts to overturn the first round results.\u00a0\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u201cThe \u003Cstrong\u003EAmericans are throwing their entire weight at this, and it\u2019s not working,\u201d\u003C\/strong\u003E a senior diplomat in Guatemala City told El Faro English prior to the Monday sanctions announcement. \u201cIf they come up short, you can forget about U.S. influence in the region.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ENo new evidence\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u00c1ngel Pineda, secretary general of the Public Prosecutor\u2019s Office \u2014an Engel List member like Curruchiche\u2014 unironically called Friday \u201ca historic day for democratic institutions.\u201d But while the accusations against the president-elect increase in gravity, \u003Cstrong\u003Eprosecutors have yet to present corroborating evidence.\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003EProsecutors insisted on theories that the preliminary digital vote-count system TREP had been tampered with, sidestepping the obvious facts that the results were certified after a review of physical voting records, that CACIF \u2014no Ar\u00e9valo booster\u2014 did their own recount, and that three international observation missions validated the final results.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003EProsecutors also doubled down on \u003Ca href=\"\/en\/202307\/centroamerica\/26936\/criminal-court-intervenes-in-guatemalan-election-five-weeks-before-run-off\"\u003Etheir July claim\u003C\/a\u003E that over 5,000 of the nearly 25,000 signatures listed on the petition to create Semilla in 2017 were forged. \u003Cstrong\u003ENow they claim to have found \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.soy502.com\/articulo\/mp-acusa-semilla-falsificar-firmas-101567-0\"\u003Eover 8,000\u003C\/a\u003E altered signatures,\u003C\/strong\u003E and they infer without any evidence that Ar\u00e9valo and other party leaders knowingly registered them.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003EThe signatures affair also morphed into a money laundering accusation: In Guatemala, individuals or companies can be paid 7 quetzales (nearly one USD) by prospective political parties per signature they gather. In July prosecutors seized this fact to accuse Semilla of \u201cpotential money laundering\u201d for not specifying where they got the money to pay.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003EOn Friday they also personally \u003Cstrong\u003Eaccused the president-elect (secretary general of Semilla until a few days ago) of laundering money,\u003C\/strong\u003E for allegedly not specifying where the party got the money to pay an administrative fine of $44,000 USD last year for not presenting certain financial information to the TSE in 2022.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u201cProsecutors must demonstrate that the origin of the funds is illegal, not that there is no record of their origin,\u201d constitutional lawyer \u00c9dgar Ortiz told El Faro English.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003EThe money laundering accusation echoes the tactics employed to imprison publisher \u003Ca href=\"\/en\/202305\/centroamerica\/26848\/elPeri%C3%B3dico-Forced-to-Close-as-Ninth-Defense-Attorney-Takes-on-Zamora-Case.htm\"\u003EJos\u00e9 Rub\u00e9n Zamora\u003C\/a\u003E: \u003Cstrong\u003E\u201cIt\u2019s typical of authoritarian regimes to use money laundering laws to persecute the opposition,\u201d\u003C\/strong\u003E Ortiz added. \u201cIf this were truly a matter of electoral finance, it would be a minor administrative sanction.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003EOn November 16, the AG similarly moved against Ar\u00e9valo's immunity, \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/elfaroenglish\/status\/1725224642128806397?s=20\"\u003Eaccusing\u003C\/a\u003E\u00a0him and VP-Elect Karin Herrera of \u201cdamaging the national patrimony\u201d for publicly rejecting the fraudulent election last year of the rector of San Carlos University, while student and faculty protestors physically occupied university buildings.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ELooking for the winning horse\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003EAt this critical juncture, uncertainty is not only an effect of the attempted coup, but also a weapon in and of itself. \u201cThe panic last week was brutal,\u201d said the Guatemala City diplomat. \u201cJournalists and those who volunteered at polling stations feared they would be accused of crimes or arrested, more people left for exile\u2026 It\u2019s all by design.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003EThe \u003Cstrong\u003Eoutcome may indeed be determined by a crude confluence of perceptions.\u003C\/strong\u003E If key actors with divided interests \u2014like the Constitutional Court, CACIF, and the TSE itself\u2014 become convinced that the coup will prevail, they are likely to align with the winning side.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E \u003Cfigure class=\"pict pict_land pict_move_posc 0 cs_img cs_img--curr rule--ss_c\" data-shot=\"pict\" data-hint=\"pict\"\u003E \u003Cdiv class=\"pict__pobj text-overflow\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=https:\/\/elfaro.net\/get_img?ImageWidth=4000&ImageHeight=2667&ImageId=39127 class=\"pobj\" style=\"max-width: 100%\" rel=\"resizable\" alt=\"President Alejandro Giammattei and Attorney General Mar\u00eda Consuelo Porras attend the presentation of the annual report of the Public Prosecutor's Office in Guatemala City on May 17, 2023. Photo Johan Ord\u00f3\u00f1ez\/AFP\" \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E \u003Cfigcaption class=\"pict__text cs_img_caption folk_content typo_buttons line--ss_s0c line--ss_s0c--auto block full-width text-overflow rule--ss_l relative\"\u003E \u003Cdiv class=\"__content block-inline full-width align-top tint-text--idle relative\"\u003E President Alejandro Giammattei and Attorney General Mar\u00eda Consuelo Porras attend the presentation of the annual report of the Public Prosecutor's Office in Guatemala City on May 17, 2023. Photo Johan Ord\u00f3\u00f1ez\/AFP \u003Cdiv class=\"photographer text_italic rule--ss_l tint-text--idle\"\u003E \u003C\/div\u003E \u003C\/div\u003E \u003C\/figcaption\u003E \u003C\/figure\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003ETSE President Blanca Alfaro embodies this perhaps better than anybody. She was the one who two years ago privately \u003Ca href=\"\/en\/202306\/centroamerica\/26904\/allegations-of-electoral-court-bribery-fuel-doubts-about-legitimacy-of-guatemalan-election\"\u003Ereported bribes\u003C\/a\u003E from Giammattei in order to build his own fraud. On election day last August, she even \u003Ca href=\"\/en\/202308\/centroamerica\/27014\/landslide-victory-for-arevalo-rattles-political-mafias-in-guatemala\"\u003Eclaimed she was considering retiring\u003C\/a\u003E after receiving threats for refusing to throw out the results.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003EBut in a move widely read as pro-coup, after Congress revoked the immunity of the other four magistrates in relation to the TREP case two weeks ago, \u003Cstrong\u003EAlfaro asked legislators to name replacements,\u003C\/strong\u003E despite the fact that her colleagues have not vacated their posts.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003EIn a written rebuke of both Congress and Alfaro\u2019s behavior, electoral magistrate Irma Palencia \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/dcuevas_gtv\/status\/1732082027178971448\"\u003Edenounced\u003C\/a\u003E that \u201cthe chief motivation of all this political persecution \u2014while keeping the appearance of legality\u2014 is to fill the Tribunal with new magistrates,\u201d she wrote, \u201cto possibly change the results obtained in the 2023 general elections.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003EThe Porras alliance\u2019s intentions before Christmas are fairly clear. In a recent congressional hearing, the far-right attorney accusing the TSE \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/lahora.gt\/nacionales\/cveliz\/2023\/11\/24\/fischer-el-tiempo-apremia-porque-ya-se-aproxima-el-14-enero\/\"\u003Etestified\u003C\/a\u003E\u00a0that \u003Cstrong\u003E\u201cwe don\u2019t have time, we\u2019re a few months away from January 14.\u201d\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003EA legislator tried to ask what she truly meant by urging the commission to take action before that date, inauguration day, but another from Giammattei\u2019s party Vamos \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/AgenciaOcote\/status\/1728099862917325215?s=20\"\u003Einterjected\u003C\/a\u003E: \u201cI\u2019m sorry, but that question is too direct. I ask that you be careful what you answer,\u201d he advised the attorney.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003EEnrique Montano, the congressman in charge of the commission, \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.prensalibre.com\/guatemala\/politica\/diputado-montano-vuelve-a-denunciar-amenazas-ahora-contra-su-familia\/\"\u003Edenounced threats\u003C\/a\u003E that same day \u201cfrom very powerful people (\u2026) who do not want Bernardo Ar\u00e9valo to be sworn in,\u201d adding: \u201cLet\u2019s get on with this stupid session, which is already rigged.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #000000;\"\u003EIt\u2019s worth reiterating that if there\u2019s no political will to stop Porras\u2019 maneuvers, and last-minute judicial action against the election results continues, the Constitutional Court will have the final say. \u003Cstrong\u003EMost likely, also under threat.\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Chr \/\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cbr\/\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #000000;\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #808080;\"\u003EThis article first appeared in the December 11 edition of the El Faro English newsletter.\u00a0\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\"\/suscribe\/en\/\"\u003ESubscribe here\u003C\/a\u003E\u00a0\u003Cspan style=\"color: #808080;\"\u003Eto tune into Central America.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E"}